Risk factors for endometrial carcinoma include endometrial hyperplasia, obesity, oestrogen replacement therapy and anovulatory cycles. Endometrial carcinomas associated with hyperplasia have a better prognosis than those that are not. Endometrial carcinomas may be well- differentiated, mimicking the endometrial glands (endometrioid type, as occurred in this case), or have altered differentiation (tubal, mucinous, and squamous types). 

In premenopausal women, FDG avidity of the endometrium changes cyclically, increasing during the ovulatory and menstrual phases. Awareness of the patient's menstrual phase is therefore paramount when assessing the endometrium using PET-CT. Postmenopausal women can have mild endometrial uptake normally.

PET-CT is helpful in staging endometrial cancer, though it remains less accurate than surgical staging through lymph node biopsy. It has not been determined as to whether the staging accuracy of PET-CT is related to tumour grade (ie. PET-CT may be more sensitive in lymph node staging in higher grade tumours).