Dr Marina-Portia Anthony /Dr Tao Chan
Clinical notes
A 69 year-old female patient presented with shortness of breath on a background of rheumatic heart disease, atrial fibrillation and warfarinisation for thromboembolic risk. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed a large pericardial effusion, and a pericardiocentesis obtained 1.5L of blood-stained fluid.
Images
A.
Contrast-enhanced axial CT chest
C.
Axial fused PET-CT chest
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Findings
A. A left atrial appendage mass is present, with a large pericardial effusion.
B, C. An hypermetabolic mass is present in the left atrial appendage extending into the supero-medial left atrium, with SUVmax 5.4. There is a large, partly hypermetabolic, pericardial effusion with SUVmax 4.4.
D. There is a large hypermetabolic left axillary lymph node with SUVmax 4.3.
Discussion
Primary cardiac tumours are rare. Sarcoma is the commonest primary malignant tumour of the heart, of which angiosarcoma is the commonest subtype. The sarcomas are not morphologically distinctive from their counterparts elsewhere in the body. Tumour rarity, combined with non-specific symptoms such as chest pain, hypotension, tachycardia and malaise, can make diagnosis difficult. Cross-sectional imaging may be used to complement trans-thoracic echocardiography by adding information about tumour size, mobility, location, extent, local invasion, relationship to adjacent structures, distant metastases, and response to treatment. PET/CT enhances the diagnosis of malignancy, with FDG avidity, and has improved accuracy in the diagnosis of metastatic disease, with which up to 80% present. The differential diagnosis in this case would have included infected thrombus or infected valvular vegetation.
References
- Hori Y. Funabashi N. Miyauchi H. et al. Angiosarcoma in the right atria demonstrated by fusion images of multislice computed tomography and positron emission tomography using F-18 Fluoro-Deoxyglucose. Int J Cardiol. 2007; 123(1):15-7.
- Juergens K. Hoffmeier A. Riemann B. et al. Early detection of local tumour recurrence and pulmonary metastasis in cardiac angiosarcoma with PET-CT and MRI. Eur Heart J. 2007; 28(6):663.
- Kalra M. Abbara S. Imaging cardiac tumors. Cancer Treat Res. 2008; 143:177-96.
- Kumar V. Abbas A. Fausto N. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 2005. Elselvier. Pennsylvania.
- Nakamura-Horigome M. Koyama J. Eizawa T. et al. Successful treatment of primary cardiac angiosarcoma with docetaxel and radiotherapy. Angiology. 2008; 59(3):368-71.